Fig. 2
From: Redefining serological diagnostics with immunoaffinity proteomics
Emerging immunoassay detection technologies for serological diagnostics. (A) Surface plasmon resonance assays detect antibodies through their binding to antigens immobilized on gold surfaces. Specific binding results in plasmon resonance and changes in the refractive index. (B) A biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay detects the shift in the wavelength of the reflected light upon antigen-specific antibody binding to the surface of a fiber optic sensor. (C) Electrochemical biosensors are transistors that detect antibody-antigen binding onto a gate electrode and measure changes in voltage across the source and drain electrodes. (D) Protein microarrays consist of numerous antigens that are printed onto the surface, enrich specific antibodies, and facilitate their relative quantification using fluorophore-labeled secondary antibodies. (E) Following affinity enrichment and trypsin digestion, MS facilitates highly specific quantification of peptides representing human immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses